The deleterious effects of both perioperative hypothermia and hyperthermia on patient outcomes have resulted in perioperative temperature management becoming a patient safety-focused national quality strategy domain, also reportable to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as part of the Merit-based Incentive Payment System. It is therefore essential for all team members participating in the care of patients in the perioperative period to be knowledgeable about the importance of and strategies for perioperative temperature management. In Perioperative Temperature Management, Professor Dr Anselm Bräuer, a practicing anesthesiologist with active ongoing scholarly activity in the field of perioperative temperature management, has authored a total of 34 chapters that are subdivided into a logical succession of 6 sections for clarity. The first section tackles the physiology of thermoregulation and provides a concise yet intriguing and captivating chapter into the historical aspects and early reports on hypothermia, as well as the warming devices introduced to combat it. Sections 2 and 3 tackle the influence of surgery and different modes of anesthesia on thermoregulation and the adverse effects of perioperative hypothermia on different organ systems. The author exerts an active ongoing effort to ensure that the information in each chapter is presented in a concentrated manner but also in a format that is both easy to follow and comprehend. Having a single author write all of the chapters in the book translates into chapters that have a similar flow, writing style, and work together as a coherent whole. This is a major strength of this book because it eliminates the redundancy often found in books written by multiple authors. Learning aids, including a summary of take-home points in grey text boxes, follow most paragraphs and keep the reader engaged. A notable example of this is the summary statement in chapter 5 that “premedication with benzodiazepines and opioids can lead to clinically relevant drop in core temperature before induction of anesthesia.” While such statements typically summarize information previously described in the text, they sometimes carry new information not presented in prior paragraphs. For example, the fact that active warming of the skin reduces the threshold for shivering by about 0.4° C only appears in grey box format (page 185) and not in the earlier text. The author also includes practical aspects/tips in several chapters to tie together the scientific aspects with the practical application and implementation of perioperative thermoregulation. Sections 4 and 5 describe the different sites for core temperature management, the different equipment used for core temperature measurement, and the various warming equipment used for perioperative warming. The author presents compelling illustrations of burns, a major complication that can occur either as a result of machine malfunction or as a result of the inappropriate use of forced-air warming equipment without the use of forced-air warming blankets. Unfortunately, several important topics that are essential for perioperative temperature management are absent in this book. These include cooling and active rewarming strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, including temperature endpoints, maximum temperature gradients, the pros and cons of different temperature monitoring sites, and local cooling. In addition, active cooling techniques in febrile patients, including those with suspected malignant hyperthermia, are not described. The whole topic of hypothermia after cardiac arrest is not presented except for a paragraph on page 183 recommending the maintenance of target temperature if procedures are required for patients while on therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. In the last section, the author summarizes the recommendations for modern perioperative temperature management aimed at the reduction of hypothermia-related morbidity with chapters 31–34 dedicated to prewarming, intraoperative warming, and postoperative therapy including rewarming and therapeutic options for the management of shivering. The chapter on prewarming is notably longer and includes a detailed description of barriers to implementing prewarming and the practical aspects of using prewarming as an essential component to perioperative temperature management. The author recognizes that this is a commonly “skipped” step and uses the chapter to advocate, in an evidence-based approach, for the implementation of prewarming as part of effective perioperative temperature management. While the chapter on intraoperative warming provides some examples of intraoperative warming during different surgeries including cesarean delivery and orthopedic surgery, the chapter could have benefited from a more detailed description of the practical challenges facing anesthesiologists applying intraoperative warming devices in certain surgeries (eg, aortic aneurysm repair, where a large surface area is not available for forced-air warming either because it is part of the surgical field or because warming of ischemic lower extremities is harmful). In addition, practical tips and illustrations on the use of intraoperative warming and the effective use of available surface area for warming in positions other than supine (eg, spine surgery in the prone position and how to use forced-air warming for the ventral surface) should have been included. In summary, this text provides a practical, concise guide to the prevention and management of perioperative hypothermia, especially in noncardiac surgery. It is a useful resource for anesthesiology residents, practicing anesthesiologists, perioperative nurses, and physicians who want to implement effective measures for perioperative temperature management in their hospitals, including the choice of equipment for temperature measurement and management in the perioperative areas. Through its comprehensive list of references, this book can also provide readers with targeted readings of comprehensive research papers in the respective domains of perioperative temperature management. Maged Y. Argalious, MD, MSc, MBA, MEd, FASEAnesthesiology InstituteCleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio[email protected] Tatiana Jamroz, MDAnesthesia DepartmentCleveland Clinic FloridaWeston, Florida